Cystoscopy is performed by a urologist to examine the inside of the urethra and bladder. It may be recommended when a patient experiences blood in the urine, recurrent urinary tract infections, irritation or discomfort during urination, pelvic pain, or difficulty urinating.
Cystoscopy is also used to investigate suspected conditions such as bladder tumours, bladder stones, urethral strictures, or benign prostatic hyperplasia. If an abnormality is identified during the examination, a diagnostic cystoscopy may also become therapeutic, allowing the urologist to perform procedures such as taking a biopsy, removing small stones, or inserting or removing a stent.
Cystoscopy is an endoscopic procedure. A cystoscope — a specialised flexible or rigid instrument equipped with a camera and light — is passed through the urethra into the bladder. To minimise discomfort during insertion, a special local anaesthetic gel is applied to the urethra. The bladder is then filled with sterile fluid, allowing its walls to expand and be examined clearly.
The examination usually takes 5–15 minutes, depending on the findings.
The patient can leave immediately after the procedure. Mild burning or discomfort during urination may occur for 1–2 days, and the urine may temporarily appear slightly pink or contain a small amount of blood.
