Transurethral resection of bladder tumor, internationally known as TURBT, is the main method for the diagnosis and initial treatment of bladder tumors. It is an endoscopic procedure performed without an external surgical incision, usually under general or spinal anesthesia.
How the transurethral resection of bladder tumor is performed
During the procedure, a thin, specialized endoscopic instrument, the resectoscope, is inserted through the urethra and advanced into the bladder. The bladder is filled with a special fluid so that it expands and allows careful examination of its interior. The urologist inspects the entire bladder surface, locates the tumor, and assesses the number, size, appearance, and location of any suspicious lesions.
The tumor is removed gradually with a special loop that uses electrical energy to cut the tissue and control bleeding. The goal is complete removal of all visible lesions. At the same time, an adequate sample is taken from the base of the tumor, including, where possible, muscle tissue from the bladder wall. This is particularly important, as it allows the pathologist to determine the type and grade of the tumor, as well as whether it has invaded the muscle layer.
The removed tissue is sent for histological examination. Depending on the characteristics of the tumor, a single dose of a chemotherapy drug may be instilled into the bladder at the end of the procedure, in order to reduce the risk of early recurrence.
After the procedure, a urinary catheter is usually placed and remains in for a short period. Mild blood in the urine, urinary frequency, or discomfort when urinating are expected during the first few days. Further treatment and the follow-up schedule are determined by the histology result, as some tumors may require additional intravesical treatments or repeat resection.
